META-ANALYSIS OF THE DETERMINANTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF CORRUPTION RELATIONS IN SOCIETY

Abstract

The aim of this study is to identify robust determinants of the development of corruption-related relationships through the synthesis of heterogeneous empirical findings. To achieve this goal, a meta-analytical approach is applied, combining a systematic review of studies with both quantitative and qualitative aggregation of results. The sample includes studies published between 2000 and 2025 employing regression-based methods, including Ordinary Least Squares, Instrumental Variables, Generalized Method of Moments, and panel data models. The methodological contribution of the study lies in the introduction of comparability levels for empirical estimates, which allows avoiding inappropriate aggregation of coefficients while preserving the analytical value of non-comparable results. Based on this framework, a combined approach is implemented, integrating coefficient aggregation with proportional analysis of effect direction and statistical significance. The results indicate that institutional parameters exert the strongest and most consistent influence on corruption levels, while economic and social factors shape the conditions for its reproduction. At the same time, it is demonstrated that the consistency of results persists despite significant methodological heterogeneity, confirming the robustness of the identified relationships. The findings refine the understanding of corruption as a multi-level institutional and social system and demonstrate the potential for integrating fragmented empirical evidence within a unified analytical framework.